Forskning
October 2, 2023
Changes in Coffee Intake, Added Sugar and Long-Term Weight Gain – Results from Three Large Prospective US Cohort Studies
M Henn et al, 2023. Changes in Coffee Intake, Added Sugar and Long-Term Weight Gain – Results from Three Large Prospective US Cohort Studies, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
ABSTRACT:
Background: Consumption of both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee has been reported to attenuate long-term weight gain. Whether the association between coffee consumption and weight gain depends on the addition of sugar, cream or coffee whitener remains unclear.
Objective: We aimed to study the associations between changes in coffee consumption, caffeine intake and weight changes by considering the addition of sugar, cream or a non-dairy coffee whitener.
Methods: We used three large prospective cohorts – the Nurses’ Health Study (1986 – 2010), Nurses’ Health Study II (1991 – 2015) and Health Professional Follow-up Study (1991 – 2014). We applied multivariable linear regression models with robust variance estimators to assess the association of changes in coffee habits within each 4-year interval with concurrent weight changes. Results across the three cohorts were pooled using inverse-variance weights.
Results: After multivariable adjustment, each 1 cup per day increment in unsweetened caffeinated coffee was associated with a reduction in 4-year weight gain of -0.12 kg (95 % CI: -0.18, -0.05 kg) and of -0.12 kg (95 % CI: -0.16, -0.08 kg) for unsweetened decaffeinated coffee. The habits of adding cream or non-dairy coffee whitener were not significantly linked to weight changes. Adding a teaspoon of sugar was associated with a 4-year weight gain of +0.09 kg (0.07, 0.12 kg). Stratified analyses suggested stronger magnitude of the observed associations with younger age and higher baseline body mass index (BMI). Neither caffeine nor coffee modified the association of adding sugar to any food or beverage with weight changes.
Conclusions: An increase in intake of unsweetened caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee was inversely associated with weight gain. The addition of sugar to coffee counteracted coffee’s benefit for possible weight management. On the other hand, adding cream or coffee whitener were not associated with greater weight gain.
