Forskning
July 10, 2023
Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes in the Multiethnic Cohort
G Maskarinec et al, 2023. Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes in the Multiethnic Cohort, Canadian Journal of Diabetes, published online.
ABSTRACT:
Purpose: This report investigated the association between established risk factors and type 2 diabetes (T2D) across five distinct ethnic groups and explored differences according to T2D definition within the Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC).
Methods: Using the full MEC with participants in Hawaii and Los Angeles (N=172,230), we applied Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). All participants completed questionnaires asking about demographics, anthropometrics, life-style factors, and regular diet. T2D status was determined from self-reported diagnosis/medication and Medicare claims. We assessed the associations between well-established risk factors and T2D in the full cohort, after stratification by ethnic group, according to T2D definition, and in a biorepository subset. Effect modification by ethnicity was evaluated using Wald tests.
Results: Overall, 46,500 (27%) participants had an incident T2D diagnosis after a mean follow-up of 17.1±6.9 years. All predictors were significantly associated with T2D: overweight (HR=1.74), obesity (HR=2.90), red meat intake (HR=1.15), short (HR=1.04) and long (HR=1.08) sleep duration, and smoking (HR=1.26) predicted a significantly higher T2D incidence, whereas coffee (HR=0.90) and alcohol (HR=0.78) consumption, physical activity (0.89), and diet quality (0.96) were associated with lower T2D incidence. The strength of these associations was similar in across ethnic groups with noteworthy disparities for overweight/obesity, physical activity, alcohol intake, coffee consumption, and diet quality.
Conclusions: These findings confirm the importance of known risk factors for T2D across ethnic groups, but detected small differences that may contribute towards disparate incidence rates in some ethnic groups, in particular for obesity and physical activity.
