Forskning
August 19, 2016
Prostate cancer progression and mortality: a review of diet and lifestyle factors
S F Peisch et al, 2016. Prostate cancer progression and mortality: a review of diet and lifestyle factors, World Journal of Urology, published online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT:
Purpose: To review and summarize evidence on the role of diet and lifestyle factors and prostate cancer progression, with a specific focus on habits after diagnosis and the risk of subsequent disease recurrence, progression, or death.
Methods: Given the well-documented heterogeneity of prostate cancer and the long survivorship of the majority of diagnoses, our goal was to summarize and describe modifiable risk factors for clinically relevant prostate cancer. We focused where possible on epidemiologic studies of post-diagnostic habits and prostate cancer progression, defined as recurrence (e.g., PSA risk, secondary treatment), metastasis, or death. Where data were limited, we also describe evidence on risk factors and indicators of prostate cancer aggressiveness at diagnosis.
Results: A variety of dietary and lifestyle factors appear to affect prostate cancer progression. Several generally widely recommended lifestyle factors such as not smoking, maintaining a healthy body weight, and regular vigorous physical exercise also appear to affect prostate cancer progression. Several dietary factors, such as tomato sauce/lycopene, cruciferous vegetables, healthy sources of vegetable fats, and coffee, may also have a role in reducing risk of prostate cancer progression.
Conclusion: Diet and lifestyle factors, in particular exercise and smoking cessation, may reduce the risk of prostate cancer progression and death. These promising findings warrant further investigation, as their overall impact might be large.
In the text is the following section on coffee:
Coffee
Multiple observational cohort studies have reported that pre-diagnostic coffee consumption is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of developing lethal prostate cancer [27] and experiencing recurrence or progression [28]. One study of 47,911 men observed a 60 % reduction in risk of lethal prostate cancer for men in the highest (≥6 cups per day) versus lowest categories of coffee consumption [27]. The results were similar for caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee. Those findings were supported by some, but not all, subsequent studies, as well as meta analyses [29]. Several biologic mechanisms have been proposed, and many focused on the pronounced antioxidant effects of coffee, suggesting that this association is plausible. Though most studies have examined coffee consumption before prostate cancer diagnosis, one recent analysis by Geybels et al. [28] among men diagnosed with prostate cancer found that drinking ≥4 cups per day of coffee versus ≤1 cup/week was associated with a 59 % reduced risk of prostate cancer recurrence/progression (HR 0.41, 95 % CI 0.20–0.81; P for trend = 0.01). No studies to date have studied post-diagnostic coffee intake and risk of progression of prostate cancer.
